hypotheses about Q, few are inherently improbable. It is just that there is so much speculation in all of them, because we have no external evidence to demonstrate that Q even existed, much less to tell us anything else about it. If three independent hypotheses with even a 50% chance of being true are combined, the resulting likelihood of all three being simultaneously true is .5 × .5 × .5 or 12.5%, not a figure that inspires great confidence in the overall package. Moreover, we must still account